It looks like your Electrum daemon is running fine according to systemctl, but your curl request is returning Forbidden. That usually points to an authentication or configuration issue with the Electrum daemon’s JSON-RPC interface. Let’s break it down:

1. Check the daemon’s rpcuser and rpcpassword

Your curl uses:

bash
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-u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA==

Electrum’s daemon usually expects the credentials stored in:

bash
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~/.electrum/password

or generated at startup. If the daemon is using a different username/password, it will reject your request with Forbidden.

2. Confirm the daemon is listening on the correct port

You are using:

bash
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http://127.0.0.1:7777

Check that Electrum is actually bound to this port:

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sudo ss -tulnp | grep 7777

Or check the daemon log:

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journalctl -u electrum.service -f

It should show something like:

nginx
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Daemon started at 127.0.0.1:7777

3. Make sure JSON-RPC is enabled

If you built Electrum from source, sometimes the daemon requires the --rpcuser and --rpcpassword flags to allow local RPC access. For example:

bash
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electrum daemon -d --rpcuser user --rpcpassword "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="

Without this, curl requests will be Forbidden even if the daemon is running.

4. Correct curl syntax

Assuming credentials are correct, the proper curl command is:

bash
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curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

Your command looks fine syntactically, so the problem is most likely username/password mismatch or daemon configuration.

✅ Next step:

1. Check the .electrum/password file (or wherever your Electrum daemon stores its RPC credentials).

2. Compare it with what you used in curl.

3. Restart the daemon with --rpcuser/--rpcpassword if needed.

I can give you an exact one-line command to extract the correct password from the Electrum daemon if you want, so your curl will succeed. Do you want me to do that?

Thanks for the logs — that actually explains what’s going on. The key lines are:

pgsql
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timed out waiting for daemon to get ready

Even though systemctl status shows the daemon as active (running), it hasn’t fully initialized. Electrum’s daemon sometimes starts processes but doesn’t finish initialization, so JSON-RPC requests get Forbidden because the daemon isn’t ready to serve RPC calls.

Likely issues

1. Multiple daemons running
   Your status shows two processes:

   swift
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   ├─2571966 /home/electrumd/.venv/bin/python3 ... electrum daemon -d
   └─2571968 /home/electrumd/.venv/bin/python3 ... electrum daemon -d
   

   Electrum daemon does not like multiple instances of itself. This can prevent RPC from initializing properly.

2. Systemd unit misconfiguration
   If your electrum.service file spawns the daemon more than once, or doesn’t wait for it to initialize before marking the service as active, you can get the “timed out” messages.

3. RPC credentials mismatch
   Even when the daemon is ready, Forbidden usually means the password/user supplied via curl does not match what the daemon expects.

How to fix it

1. Stop all running daemons first:

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sudo systemctl stop electrum
ps aux | grep electrum
# kill any remaining processes
sudo kill -9 <PID>

2. Check .electrum/password for the correct RPC password:

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cat /home/electrumd/.electrum/password

Use that in your curl request:

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sudo curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -u user:THE_PASSWORD_FROM_FILE \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

3. Restart the daemon carefully:

Make sure your systemd unit runs only one instance. The [Service] section should have something like:

ini
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ExecStart=/home/electrumd/.venv/bin/electrum daemon -d
Restart=on-failure

And remove extra -d or double launches if present.

4. Check logs again:

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journalctl -u electrum.service -f

You should see a line like:

nginx
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Daemon running. Start listening at 127.0.0.1:7777

Only after that should curl work.

If you want, I can write a corrected systemd service file for Electrum that avoids multiple daemons and ensures JSON-RPC works properly. This usually fixes the Forbidden issue immediately. Do you want me to do that?

Looking at your ps aux output, I can see the problem clearly:

swift
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/home/electrumd/.venv/bin/python3 /home/electrumd/.venv/bin/electrum daemon -d
...
[electrum] <defunct>

A defunct (zombie) process appears (PID 2580089). This means that one of the Electrum daemon processes started but never fully initialized, leaving a leftover zombie. Multiple daemons are running, including some old ones from previous attempts (2345204, etc.). Electrum cannot serve RPC requests properly when multiple or zombie processes exist, which explains why curl gives Forbidden.

Steps to clean up and fix

1. Stop all Electrum daemons:

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sudo systemctl stop electrum
# Kill any lingering processes
sudo pkill -u electrumd -f electrum

2. Check that all Electrum processes are gone:

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ps aux | grep electrum

Only the grep line should remain.

3. Check or reset RPC credentials

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cat /home/electrumd/.electrum/password

Take note of the password. This is what you should use in your curl request.

4. Start the daemon cleanly

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sudo systemctl start electrum

Then watch the logs to make sure it fully initializes:

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journalctl -u electrum.service -f

Look for something like:

nginx
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Daemon running. Start listening at 127.0.0.1:7777

5. Try the curl request again:

bash
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sudo curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -u user:THE_PASSWORD_FROM_FILE \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

If you want, I can write a safer systemd service file that ensures only one daemon starts, waits for it to initialize, and avoids zombie processes. That would prevent this issue from recurring. Do you want me to do that?

Good question.

If your Electrum daemon’s JSON-RPC is only bound to 127.0.0.1 (localhost) on your VPS, then:

• You do not need SSL/TLS, because all traffic stays inside the server.

• The connection is never exposed to the network, so nobody can sniff or tamper with it unless they already have access to your VPS.

• Authentication (rpcuser / rpcpassword) is still important, because even local processes could try to abuse it.

You’d only need SSL/TLS if you want to:

• Expose Electrum RPC over the internet (e.g., bind to 0.0.0.0 or a public IP).

• Connect from another machine to your VPS securely.

✅ So for a single-server setup (VPS, local only, 127.0.0.1) → skip SSL.

⚠️ But if you ever plan to expose it outside localhost, you must use SSL (or put it behind a reverse proxy like Nginx with HTTPS).

Do you plan to keep RPC access strictly local to scripts/services on that VPS, or do you want to connect to it remotely from your laptop/phone?

Perfect — if you’re keeping RPC strictly local (only accessible on 127.0.0.1 inside your VPS), then you don’t need SSL at all.

Here’s the security picture in that setup:

• RPC traffic never leaves the server, so there’s no chance of interception over the network.

• Authentication still matters — keep your rpcuser/rpcpassword set, so only processes running on the VPS and with permission can talk to the daemon.

• System hardening helps — make sure only your service user (e.g. electrumd) has access to the Electrum data directory.

So:

• ✅ SSL not required.

• ✅ Use strong RPC credentials.

• ✅ Keep RPC bound to 127.0.0.1 (default).

That’s already a safe setup.

Would you like me to show you how to confirm via ss or netstat that Electrum is only listening on 127.0.0.1 and not on the public IP?

Great — you can confirm that Electrum JSON-RPC is bound only to 127.0.0.1 with either ss (modern) or netstat (older).

Using ss:

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ss -tulnp | grep electrum

You should see something like:

nginx
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tcp   LISTEN 0      5     127.0.0.1:7777    0.0.0.0:*    users:(("python3",pid=2580087,fd=6))

Key points:

• The 127.0.0.1:7777 part means it’s bound only to localhost.

• If you ever see 0.0.0.0:7777, that means it’s listening on all interfaces (unsafe if the VPS has a public IP).

Using netstat:

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netstat -tulnp | grep 7777

You’d expect:

nginx
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tcp   0   0 127.0.0.1:7777    0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN   2580087/python3

Same logic:

• 127.0.0.1:7777 → safe (local only).

• 0.0.0.0:7777 → exposed to the internet (needs firewall or SSL).

Do you want me to also give you a quick ufw/iptables rule you can add as a safety net, so even if Electrum accidentally binds to 0.0.0.0, it’ll still be blocked from outside?

That output is exactly what you want 👍

nginx
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tcp   0   0 127.0.0.1:7777   0.0.0.0:*   LISTEN   50939/python3

• 127.0.0.1:7777 → Electrum is bound only to localhost.

• 0.0.0.0:* in the foreign address column just means it will accept connections to that port from localhost only, not from outside.

• Process 50939/python3 is your Electrum daemon.

So RPC is not exposed to the public internet, and you don’t need SSL/TLS in this setup.

Would you like me to also show you a quick firewall rule (with ufw or iptables) that blocks port 7777 from the outside world as an extra safeguard, even if Electrum ever accidentally binds to 0.0.0.0?

Got it — here’s how you can add a quick safeguard. Even though Electrum is only listening on 127.0.0.1, it’s good practice to firewall it so nothing from the outside world can ever hit port 7777.

Using ufw (simpler, recommended on Ubuntu)

Deny access to port 7777 from anywhere:

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sudo ufw deny 7777/tcp

Then check your rules:

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sudo ufw status numbered

You should see a line like:

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7777/tcp                  DENY       Anywhere

That means even if Electrum ever binds to 0.0.0.0, traffic from outside is blocked.

Using iptables (more granular)

If you’re not using ufw, here’s a direct iptables rule:

bash
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sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7777 ! -s 127.0.0.1 -j DROP

That rule means:

• Allow port 7777 only from 127.0.0.1.

• Drop everything else.

To confirm:

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sudo iptables -L -n -v | grep 7777

✅ With either approach, you’ll be 100% safe — Electrum JSON-RPC will remain strictly local.

Do you want me to also show you how to make the iptables rule persistent across reboots (since by default it resets on restart)?

Perfect — by default iptables rules vanish after a reboot, so you’ll want to make them persistent. Here are two common ways to do that on Ubuntu:

Option 1: Use iptables-persistent (easiest)

1. Install the helper package:

   bash
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   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent -y
   

   During install, it will ask if you want to save current rules → choose Yes.

2. If you add/change rules later, save them manually:

   bash
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   sudo netfilter-persistent save
   

3. On reboot, your rules will reload automatically.

Option 2: Save rules manually

1. Save current rules:

   bash
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   sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4"
   

   For IPv6 (if needed):

   bash
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   sudo sh -c "ip6tables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v6"
   

2. Install netfilter-persistent (if not already):

   bash
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   sudo apt-get install netfilter-persistent
   

3. On reboot, these files get loaded automatically.

✅ Recommended for you: Option 1 — iptables-persistent is simple and reliable.

Would you like me to also give you a ready-made rule set (full iptables-save file) that locks down port 7777 but leaves everything else untouched?

Alright 👍 here’s a minimal ready-made iptables ruleset you can use with iptables-persistent that:

• Keeps all existing traffic (SSH, web, etc.) working

• Blocks port 7777 from anything except 127.0.0.1

• Is safe for a VPS (default policy is ACCEPT, so nothing else gets broken)

Step 1: Create the rules file

Save this into /etc/iptables/rules.v4:

bash
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*filter

# Allow all loopback (local) traffic
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Accept established and related connections
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# SSH (22) – keep VPS access
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# Example: HTTP/HTTPS (keep web traffic open if needed)
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Electrum RPC: allow only localhost
-A INPUT -p tcp -s 127.0.0.1 --dport 7777 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7777 -j DROP

# Default: accept everything else (safe minimal config)
-A INPUT -j ACCEPT

COMMIT

Step 2: Apply and save

bash
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sudo iptables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v4
sudo netfilter-persistent save

Step 3: Verify

Check the active rules:

bash
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sudo iptables -L -n -v | grep 7777

You should see something like:

nginx
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ACCEPT     tcp  --  127.0.0.1        0.0.0.0/0       tcp dpt:7777
DROP       tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0        0.0.0.0/0       tcp dpt:7777

⚡ This setup guarantees Electrum JSON-RPC is strictly local-only — even if the daemon accidentally binds to 0.0.0.0.

Do you want me to also give you the IPv6 rules (rules.v6) in case your VPS has IPv6 enabled?

Good call 👍 — if your VPS has IPv6 enabled, you should also restrict Electrum RPC there. Otherwise, even though IPv4 is locked down, IPv6 could still expose port 7777.

Here’s a matching /etc/iptables/rules.v6 file:

bash
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*filter

# Allow all loopback (local) traffic
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

# Accept established and related connections
-A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

# SSH (22) – keep VPS access
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

# Example: HTTP/HTTPS (keep web traffic open if needed)
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

# Electrum RPC: allow only localhost (::1)
-A INPUT -p tcp -s ::1 --dport 7777 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp --dport 7777 -j DROP

# Default: accept everything else
-A INPUT -j ACCEPT

COMMIT

Apply and save IPv6 rules

bash
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sudo ip6tables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v6
sudo netfilter-persistent save

Verify IPv6 rules

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sudo ip6tables -L -n -v | grep 7777

Expected output:

ruby
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ACCEPT     tcp      ::1             ::/0            tcp dpt:7777
DROP       tcp      ::/0            ::/0            tcp dpt:7777

✅ With both /etc/iptables/rules.v4 and /etc/iptables/rules.v6, your Electrum JSON-RPC is guaranteed local-only on both IPv4 and IPv6.

Do you want me to also show you how to test from the outside (e.g., using nmap) to be 100% sure the port is closed externally?

Perfect — testing from the outside is the best way to be 100% sure.

Here are a couple of ways you can check whether your Electrum RPC port (7777) is exposed:

1. From another machine (preferred)

If you have another server, VPS, or even your home computer:

bash
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nmap -p 7777 <your-vps-ip>

Expected result if firewall + bind are correct:

bash
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PORT     STATE  SERVICE
7777/tcp closed unknown

or sometimes:

bash
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7777/tcp filtered

Both are safe → it means nothing is answering externally.

2. From the VPS itself

Run the same scan, but against the public IP, not 127.0.0.1:

bash
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nmap -p 7777 $(curl -s ifconfig.me)

Expected: closed or filtered.
(If it shows open, then something’s wrong and we need to check rules again.)

3. Double-check firewall

For quick verification:

bash
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sudo iptables -L -n -v | grep 7777
sudo ip6tables -L -n -v | grep 7777

Should show:

nginx
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ACCEPT ... 127.0.0.1 ... tcp dpt:7777
DROP   ... 0.0.0.0/0     tcp dpt:7777

and for IPv6:

ruby
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ACCEPT ... ::1 ... tcp dpt:7777
DROP   ... ::/0   tcp dpt:7777

⚡ If both nmap scans return closed/filtered, you’re fully safe — Electrum RPC is local-only.

Do you want me to give you a one-liner script you can run periodically (cronjob) to automatically test and alert you if port 7777 ever becomes exposed?

Alright 👍 here’s a small Bash script you can use to automatically test if Electrum RPC (7777) is exposed to the outside world.

It uses nmap to scan your VPS’s public IP and sends you a warning if the port is ever open.

Script: check_electrum_rpc.sh

bash
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#!/bin/bash

# Get VPS public IP
PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s ifconfig.me)

# Scan port 7777 externally
SCAN=$(nmap -p 7777 $PUBLIC_IP | grep 7777)

# Log file
LOGFILE="/var/log/electrum-rpc-check.log"

# Timestamp
NOW=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

if echo "$SCAN" | grep -q "open"; then
    echo "$NOW - WARNING: Electrum RPC port 7777 is OPEN on $PUBLIC_IP" | tee -a $LOGFILE
    # Example: send an email alert (needs mailutils installed)
    # echo "Electrum RPC port 7777 is OPEN on $PUBLIC_IP" | mail -s "Electrum RPC Alert" you@example.com
else
    echo "$NOW - OK: Electrum RPC port 7777 is secure ($SCAN)" >> $LOGFILE
fi

Setup

1. Save it:

   bash
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   nano ~/check_electrum_rpc.sh
   

   Paste the script, then save.

2. Make executable:

   bash
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   chmod +x ~/check_electrum_rpc.sh
   

3. Test manually:

   bash
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   ./check_electrum_rpc.sh
   cat /var/log/electrum-rpc-check.log
   

Automate with cron

Run it every 30 minutes:

bash
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crontab -e

Add:

ruby
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*/30 * * * * /home/ubuntu/check_electrum_rpc.sh

✅ This way, if the firewall ever fails or Electrum accidentally binds to 0.0.0.0, you’ll know right away.

Do you want me to also show you how to make it send an email alert (so you don’t have to check logs manually)?

Great — let’s make the script send you an email if Electrum RPC (7777) ever becomes exposed.

On Ubuntu, the simplest way is with mailutils (which provides the mail command).

1. Install mailutils

bash
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mailutils -y

During setup, choose "Internet Site" when asked about configuration.

2. Update the script

Here’s the improved script with email alert support:

bash
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#!/bin/bash

# Get VPS public IP
PUBLIC_IP=$(curl -s ifconfig.me)

# Scan port 7777 externally
SCAN=$(nmap -p 7777 $PUBLIC_IP | grep 7777)

# Log file
LOGFILE="/var/log/electrum-rpc-check.log"

# Timestamp
NOW=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

# Email to send alerts
ALERT_EMAIL="you@example.com"

if echo "$SCAN" | grep -q "open"; then
    MESSAGE="$NOW - WARNING: Electrum RPC port 7777 is OPEN on $PUBLIC_IP"
    echo "$MESSAGE" | tee -a $LOGFILE | mail -s "Electrum RPC Alert on $PUBLIC_IP" $ALERT_EMAIL
else
    echo "$NOW - OK: Electrum RPC port 7777 is secure ($SCAN)" >> $LOGFILE
fi

Replace you@example.com with your email address.

3. Test it

Run:

bash
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./check_electrum_rpc.sh

Check /var/log/electrum-rpc-check.log and your email inbox.

4. Cron job (automatic every 30 mins)

bash
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crontab -e

Add:

ruby
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*/30 * * * * /home/ubuntu/check_electrum_rpc.sh

✅ Now you’ll get an email if the port is ever exposed.

Would you also like me to show you how to force TLS (Gmail/SMTP) for sending emails securely instead of relying on plain local mail delivery?

Perfect — local mailutils delivery works, but on a VPS it usually just dumps email into /var/mail/ and may not reach your inbox. To make sure alerts actually land in your email (e.g., Gmail, Outlook), you’ll want to configure mail sending over TLS/SMTP.

The most straightforward way on Ubuntu is to use msmtp (a lightweight SMTP client) instead of the default sendmail backend.

1. Install required packages

bash
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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install msmtp msmtp-mta mailutils -y

• msmtp = lightweight SMTP client

• msmtp-mta = lets mail command use msmtp

• mailutils = provides the mail command

2. Configure msmtp

Edit the config file:

bash
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sudo nano /etc/msmtprc

Example configuration for Gmail:

pgsql
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defaults
auth           on
tls            on
tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
logfile        /var/log/msmtp.log

account        gmail
host           smtp.gmail.com
port           587
from           yourname@gmail.com
user           yourname@gmail.com
password       YOUR_APP_PASSWORD

account default : gmail

⚠️ Important: If you’re using Gmail, you must generate an App Password (not your normal password) at
Google Account > Security > App passwords.

3. Secure the config file

bash
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sudo chmod 600 /etc/msmtprc

4. Test sending mail

bash
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echo "This is a test" | mail -s "Test Email from VPS" yourname@gmail.com

• If configured correctly, you should receive the test email in your Gmail inbox.

• Check logs if it fails:

  bash
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  tail -f /var/log/msmtp.log
  

5. Update your Electrum RPC check script

Your script doesn’t need to change — the mail command now goes through Gmail securely via TLS.

✅ Now your alerts will be delivered to Gmail via TLS/SMTP, not just stuck on the VPS.

Would you like me to also show you a way to encrypt the Gmail App Password on disk so it’s not stored in plain text in /etc/msmtprc?

Got it 👍 — by default msmtp stores your Gmail App Password in plain text inside /etc/msmtprc, which isn’t ideal.
There are a few ways to harden this. I’ll show you two practical options:

🔐 Option 1: Restrict permissions (simplest & common)

• Already done:

  bash
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  sudo chmod 600 /etc/msmtprc
  

• This means only root can read it.

• If only root scripts (like cron jobs or system services) need to send email, this is usually enough.

✅ Safe for single-user VPS.

🔐 Option 2: Use msmtp passwordeval (encrypted password with GPG)

Instead of storing the password directly, msmtp can run a command to fetch it.

1. Install GnuPG if not already:

   bash
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   sudo apt-get install gnupg -y
   

2. Encrypt your Gmail App Password:

   bash
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   echo "YOUR_APP_PASSWORD" | gpg --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 -o /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg
   

   It will ask you for a passphrase (choose something strong).

3. Edit /etc/msmtprc to use passwordeval instead of plain password:

   sql
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   account gmail
   host smtp.gmail.com
   port 587
   from yourname@gmail.com
   user yourname@gmail.com
   passwordeval "gpg --quiet --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --decrypt /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg"
   

   This way, the password is never stored in plain text. It will prompt for the GPG passphrase the first time, but you can cache it with gpg-agent.

4. Lock down the encrypted file:

   bash
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   sudo chmod 600 /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg
   

✅ This makes the actual password encrypted on disk.

🔐 Option 3: Environment variables (safe in container setups)

If you’re running your script in a container or controlled shell, you can avoid storing the password on disk:

1. Add to /etc/environment:

   ini
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   MSMTP_PASS="your-app-password"
   

2. In /etc/msmtprc:

   nginx
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   passwordeval "echo $MSMTP_PASS"
   

✅ Avoids plain text in config, but password still exists in process environment (visible with ps if not careful).

Recommended for your case

Since you’re on a VPS and running cron scripts as root, the simplest + secure option is:

• Keep /etc/msmtprc with chmod 600.

• Only allow root to read it.

If you want maximum paranoia security, go with Option 2 (GPG-encrypted password).

Do you want me to write a hardened version of your Electrum RPC cron script that uses passwordeval with GPG so the Gmail password is never visible?

Perfect 👍 Let’s make a hardened cron script for Electrum → Gmail alerts using msmtp + GPG-encrypted password.

1. Encrypt your Gmail App Password

Run this once on your VPS (as root):

bash
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echo "YOUR_GMAIL_APP_PASSWORD" | gpg --symmetric --cipher-algo AES256 -o /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg

• It will ask you to create a GPG passphrase.

• Remember it (you’ll need it when first decrypting).

Then lock down the file:

bash
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chmod 600 /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg

2. Harden /etc/msmtprc

Replace your current /etc/msmtprc with this:

pgsql
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defaults
auth           on
tls            on
tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
logfile        /var/log/msmtp.log

account gmail
host smtp.gmail.com
port 587
from yourname@gmail.com
user yourname@gmail.com
passwordeval "gpg --quiet --for-your-eyes-only --no-tty --decrypt /etc/msmtp_pass.gpg"

account default : gmail

Lock it:

bash
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chmod 600 /etc/msmtprc

3. Example Hardened Cron Script (/usr/local/bin/electrum_check.sh)

bash
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#!/bin/bash
# Secure Electrum → Gmail notifier

RPC_USER="user"
RPC_PASS="sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="
RPC_PORT="7777"
RECIPIENT="yourname@gmail.com"

# Run Electrum RPC
BALANCE=$(curl -s -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -u $RPC_USER:$RPC_PASS \
    --data '{"id":1,"method":"getbalance"}' \
    http://127.0.0.1:$RPC_PORT)

if [ $? -ne 0 ] || [ -z "$BALANCE" ]; then
    echo "[$(date)] Electrum RPC failed" | msmtp "$RECIPIENT"
    exit 1
fi

# Compose email
SUBJECT="Electrum Balance Update"
BODY="Electrum balance query result:\n\n$BALANCE\n\nSent at $(date)"

# Send securely with msmtp
echo -e "Subject: $SUBJECT\nTo: $RECIPIENT\n\n$BODY" | msmtp "$RECIPIENT"

Make executable:

bash
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chmod 700 /usr/local/bin/electrum_check.sh

4. Add to root’s cron

bash
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sudo crontab -e

Example (every 15 min):

perl
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*/15 * * * * /usr/local/bin/electrum_check.sh

5. First-time run (to cache GPG key)

Run manually once as root:

bash
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/usr/local/bin/electrum_check.sh

You’ll be prompted for the GPG passphrase. After that, gpg-agent will cache it, so cron won’t need to type it again.

✅ Now your Gmail App Password is never in plain text – only an AES256-encrypted file + a passphrase you control.

Do you want me to also add a failsafe log rotation for /var/log/msmtp.log so it doesn’t grow too large on your VPS?

Great choice 👍 — log rotation is essential on a VPS, otherwise /var/log/msmtp.log will grow without bound.

Here’s how you can set it up safely:

1. Create a logrotate config for msmtp

Create a new file:

bash
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sudo nano /etc/logrotate.d/msmtp

Paste this:

pgsql
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/var/log/msmtp.log {
    su root root
    daily
    rotate 7
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create 600 root root
    sharedscripts
    postrotate
        # Restart msmtp logging (optional, usually not needed)
        # pkill -HUP msmtp || true
        true
    endscript
}

Explanation

• daily → rotate logs every day

• rotate 7 → keep 7 days of logs, then delete

• compress → compress old logs (.gz)

• delaycompress → compress the day after rotation (keeps most recent log uncompressed)

• missingok → don’t error if file missing

• notifempty → skip if log is empty

• create 600 root root → new log created with secure permissions

• sharedscripts → ensures postrotate runs once even if multiple files listed

2. Test logrotate

Run:

bash
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sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/msmtp

Check:

bash
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ls -lh /var/log/msmtp*

You should see msmtp.log and maybe msmtp.log.1.gz etc.

3. Verify cron integration

By default, logrotate is already scheduled via /etc/cron.daily/logrotate.
So this will run automatically every day. Nothing extra needed.

✅ Now your msmtp log is secured and won’t bloat your VPS.

Would you like me to also redirect Electrum daemon logs (from journalctl) into a file with rotation, or keep them only in systemd’s journal?

Good question 👍

If you keep Electrum logs only in systemd’s journal (journalctl), here’s what happens:

How systemd handles logs

• All logs are stored under /var/log/journal/ (if persistent storage is enabled).

• If persistent storage is disabled, they’re only kept in memory until reboot.

Systemd automatically manages log size using journald settings:

• Default: keep up to ~10% of filesystem space (varies by distro).

• Old logs are rotated and deleted automatically.

• You can control this in /etc/systemd/journald.conf with options like:

  • SystemMaxUse= → max disk space journals may use (e.g. 200M)

  • SystemKeepFree= → free space to leave untouched

  • SystemMaxFileSize= → max size per journal file

  • SystemMaxFiles= → number of rotated logs to keep

Pros of keeping only in journal

✅ Automatic rotation and cleanup — no need for manual logrotate
✅ Unified place for all service logs (journalctl -u electrum.service)
✅ Can filter logs by service, time, severity, etc.
✅ Secure access (only root or systemd-journal group can read)

Cons

❌ Less familiar than plain /var/log/*.log files
❌ If persistent journaling is disabled (common on some VPS setups), logs are lost after reboot
❌ Some monitoring tools expect flat log files instead of journal

Recommended setup for you

Since this is a VPS + Electrum daemon:

• If you want logs mainly for debugging, journald alone is fine.

• If you need long-term history or external log parsing (like fail2ban, ELK stack, or backup), configure Electrum to also log to a file and rotate with logrotate.

👉 Do you want me to show you how to check if your journald is persistent right now on your VPS?

Good timing to ask 🙂

Here’s the breakdown of when you should (and should not) run:

bash
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sudo systemctl enable electrum

What it does

• systemctl enable creates symlinks in /etc/systemd/system/... so that electrum.service starts automatically on boot.

• It does not start the service immediately (you’d still need sudo systemctl start electrum or restart).

Use it when:

✅ You want Electrum’s JSON-RPC daemon (electrum daemon -d) to always start automatically after a VPS reboot.
✅ You’re running Electrum as a background service that apps/scripts depend on.
✅ You’ve finished configuring the systemd unit file and tested it manually with systemctl start electrum.

Don’t use it if:

❌ You only want to run Electrum on demand (manually).
❌ You’re still troubleshooting config issues (if enabled, systemd will keep trying to start it on every reboot → messy logs).
❌ You’re running Electrum in a dev/test environment where auto-start isn’t needed.

Typical workflow

1. Create/modify service file (e.g. /etc/systemd/system/electrum.service).

2. sudo systemctl daemon-reload (reload unit files).

3. sudo systemctl start electrum → test if it works.

4. sudo systemctl status electrum → verify running.

5. If happy:

   bash
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   sudo systemctl enable electrum
   

   Now it auto-starts at boot.

⚡ Pro tip: If you want both immediate start and boot persistence in one go:

bash
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sudo systemctl enable --now electrum

Do you want me to show you how to verify after reboot that electrum really starts and listens only on localhost?

Yes 👍 that’s exactly how it works.

Here’s what happens step by step:

1. You create your systemd unit file at:

   swift
   Copy code
   /etc/systemd/system/electrum.service
   

   (usually running Electrum as electrumd user, with ExecStart=/home/electrumd/.venv/bin/electrum daemon -d).

2. Reload systemd so it notices the new service:

   bash
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   sudo systemctl daemon-reload
   

3. Start the service manually:

   bash
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   sudo systemctl start electrum
   

   • On first run, Electrum will initialize its data directory.

   • That includes creating /home/electrumd/.electrum/config if it doesn’t already exist.

   • The file will be owned by the user the service runs as (e.g. electrumd).

4. You can stop it again:

   bash
   Copy code
   sudo systemctl stop electrum
   

   The config file and data directory stay there.

Verify config creation

Check the file directly:

bash
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ls -l /home/electrumd/.electrum/config

And view contents:

bash
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cat /home/electrumd/.electrum/config

It should contain Electrum’s default JSON config (like rpcuser, rpcport, etc., depending on your startup).

⚡ Important tip:
If you want custom RPC credentials or bind settings, you can either:

• edit /home/electrumd/.electrum/config after it’s generated, or

• supply them as arguments in your systemd unit file (Electrum will then write them into the config).

Do you want me to give you a safe example electrum.service unit file (with localhost RPC + dedicated user) that will automatically generate the config file the first time it runs?

Good distinction 🙂

• systemctl daemon-reload is only needed if you change the systemd unit file (e.g. /etc/systemd/system/electrum.service).
  That tells systemd to reload its service definitions.

• If you only edit Electrum’s own config (/home/electrumd/.electrum/config), you do not need daemon-reload.

What to do after editing Electrum config

1. Save your changes in /home/electrumd/.electrum/config.

2. Restart the service so it picks them up:

   bash
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   sudo systemctl restart electrum
   

That’s enough — Electrum will reread its config on startup.

✅ So the rule of thumb:

• Edit electrum.service → daemon-reload + restart.

• Edit .electrum/config → just restart.

Do you want me to show you a minimal but secure electrum.service file that’s safe for localhost-only JSON-RPC use?

No problem 🙂 — you can easily reset your Django admin (superuser) password from the command line.

Here are a few methods, depending on what access you have:

✅ Option 1: Reset via createsuperuser

If you’re not sure which user existed or just want a new one:

bash
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python manage.py createsuperuser

It will ask for:

• Username

• Email (optional)

• Password

If a user with that name already exists, Django will tell you.
You can then pick a different username — both will have admin access.

✅ Option 2: Reset an existing user’s password

If you remember the username but forgot the password:

bash
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python manage.py shell

Then in the Python shell:

python
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from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()
u = User.objects.get(username="admin")  # replace 'admin' with your username
u.set_password("newpassword123")
u.save()
exit()

Now you can log in with that new password.

✅ Option 3: List all admin users (to recall the username)

You can see all users like this:

bash
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python manage.py shell -c "from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model; print(list(get_user_model().objects.values_list('username', flat=True)))"

✅ Option 4: If you’re using Docker or a virtualenv

Make sure you’re inside your project’s environment first:

bash
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source /path/to/venv/bin/activate
cd /path/to/your/django/project

Then run any of the commands above.

Do you want me to give you a one-liner command to reset the password for a known username (without entering the Django shell)?

Perfect — this is a very common issue when running Electrum as a separate user (electrumd) and your Django app (as al4) tries to call its JSON-RPC interface.

Let’s break it down and fix it properly 👇

🔍 The error

arduino
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403 Client Error: Forbidden for url: http://127.0.0.1:7777/

means that Electrum’s JSON-RPC server is rejecting your Django request.

💡 Why it happens

Electrum enforces local RPC authentication using the credentials in
/home/electrumd/.electrum/config.

That file typically contains:

json
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"rpcuser": "user",
"rpcpassword": "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA==",
"rpchost": "127.0.0.1",
"rpcport": 7777

When you call Electrum from Django using requests, you must supply exactly these credentials.
Otherwise, it returns 403 Forbidden.

✅ Fix

Step 1. Check Electrum’s config

Run as the electrumd user:

bash
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sudo -i -u electrumd
cat ~/.electrum/config

Confirm values of:

• rpcuser

• rpcpassword

• rpcport

Step 2. Update your Django code to use those credentials

Example:

python
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import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

rpc_user = "user"               # from electrum config
rpc_pass = "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="  # from electrum config
rpc_url  = "http://127.0.0.1:7777"

payload = {"id": 1, "method": "getinfo"}

response = requests.post(rpc_url, json=payload, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(rpc_user, rpc_pass))
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
print(data)

If this returns JSON output (not 403), you’re good.

Step 3. Check that your Django process can connect

Ensure the socket is bound on localhost:

bash
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sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 7777

It should show:

nginx
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tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:7777  0.0.0.0:*  LISTEN  /home/electrumd/.venv/bin/python3

If yes → your Django user can connect to it (since it’s localhost).

Step 4. Restart Electrum if needed

If you edited /home/electrumd/.electrum/config, restart the service:

bash
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sudo systemctl restart electrum

Step 5. Test manually from Django’s environment

Run:

bash
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source /home/al4/.venv/bin/activate
curl -s -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

If you still get “Forbidden”, it means the credentials don’t match.

✅ Summary

• 403 means bad rpcuser / rpcpassword

• Fix it by matching Django’s credentials to /home/electrumd/.electrum/config

• Restart the daemon after editing config

• No need for SSL if both run on localhost

Would you like to show me your /home/electrumd/.electrum/config (hide your password) so I can verify exactly what to put in Django?

That’s normal — Ubuntu 22.04+ no longer installs netstat by default.
You can use the newer ss command instead, which provides the same info.

✅ Equivalent command

Run this instead:

bash
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sudo ss -tulnp | grep 7777

You should see output like:

nginx
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LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:7777 0.0.0.0:* users:(("python3",pid=50939,fd=3))

This tells you:

• LISTEN — the port is open

• 127.0.0.1:7777 — it’s bound only to localhost (safe)

• python3 — the Electrum daemon process

Optional: if you prefer to keep netstat

You can install it by:

bash
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sudo apt install net-tools -y

Then you can still use:

bash
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sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 7777

Would you like me to show you how to confirm that your Django process (user al4) actually has permission to connect to that localhost socket?

Perfect — that confirms your Electrum daemon is running and listening only on 127.0.0.1:7777, which is ideal for local-only RPC use.

Now, since your Django app is giving a 403 Forbidden, the issue is definitely authentication (bad rpcuser or rpcpassword) — not connectivity.

Let’s fix it cleanly 👇

✅ Steps to confirm and fix RPC access

1. Check Electrum’s config

Run this as the electrumd user:

bash
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sudo -i -u electrumd cat ~/.electrum/config

You’ll see something like:

json
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{
    "rpcuser": "user",
    "rpcpassword": "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA==",
    "rpcport": 7777,
    "rpchost": "127.0.0.1"
}

Copy the exact values for rpcuser and rpcpassword.

2. Test manually from your Django user (al4)

Run:

bash
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curl -s -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

• If this returns JSON → credentials are correct.

• If it says Forbidden → credentials are wrong.

3. Update your Django code

In your Django view or wherever you call Electrum’s API, set:

python
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import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

rpc_user = "user"                  # from Electrum config
rpc_pass = "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="  # from Electrum config
rpc_url  = "http://127.0.0.1:7777"

payload = {"id": 1, "method": "getinfo"}
response = requests.post(rpc_url, json=payload, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(rpc_user, rpc_pass))
response.raise_for_status()
print(response.json())

Once this works in a Python shell, Django will work too.

4. (Optional) If you want to reset Electrum RPC credentials

You can regenerate them by running as electrumd:

bash
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electrum setconfig rpcuser newuser
electrum setconfig rpcpassword newpass123

Then restart:

bash
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sudo systemctl restart electrum

After restart, check that /home/electrumd/.electrum/config has your new credentials.

✅ Summary

• Your Electrum is reachable (port 7777 open).

• 403 means bad credentials.

• Match Django’s rpcuser/rpcpassword to Electrum’s config and it will work.

Would you like me to show how to store those RPC credentials safely in Django (not plain text in code)?

Good — that error tells us your Django user (al4) can now connect to Electrum, but Electrum itself crashed or rejected the command internally.
So the 403 Forbidden issue is solved ✅
Now it’s a 500 Internal Server Error from Electrum’s JSON-RPC handler.

Let’s fix that.

🔍 What “500 Server Error” means here

It means your RPC call reached the Electrum daemon successfully, but Electrum failed to process it.
Common causes:

1. Invalid RPC method syntax (Electrum expects JSON RPC, not CLI-style commands).

2. Daemon not fully synchronized or wallet not loaded.

3. Permissions or wallet lock problem.

✅ Correct JSON-RPC call for listing funded addresses

You’re currently calling:

python
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balance = electrum_rpc("listaddresses --funded")

That works on the command line, but the JSON-RPC interface doesn’t use CLI syntax.
Instead, you must call the RPC method directly as JSON.

Example:

python
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import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

rpc_user = "user"       # from electrumd config
rpc_pass = "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="  # from electrumd config
rpc_url  = "http://127.0.0.1:7777"

payload = {
    "id": 1,
    "method": "listaddresses",
    "params": {"funded": True}
}

r = requests.post(rpc_url, json=payload, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(rpc_user, rpc_pass))
r.raise_for_status()
print(r.json())

That’s the correct way to query “funded addresses” via JSON-RPC.

🧠 Why this works

The electrum CLI internally converts listaddresses --funded into a JSON RPC call:

json
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{"method": "listaddresses", "params": {"funded": true}}

So when you use the JSON-RPC endpoint directly, you must send structured JSON, not the raw CLI text.

✅ If you want total wallet balance

Instead of listing addresses, you can use:

python
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payload = {"id": 1, "method": "getbalance"}

Quick test from shell

Run this to confirm:

bash
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curl -s -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"listaddresses","params":{"funded":true}}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777

If you see JSON output with addresses, you’re good.

Would you like me to show you how to turn that test into a small reusable Python helper (electrum_rpc()) that automatically handles errors and prints readable output?

Good — let’s create a wallet for the Electrum daemon and load it into the running daemon. I’ll give you a safe, practical sequence you can run as the electrumd user (interactive where you need to choose/confirm a seed and password), plus commands to verify the wallet is loaded and usable from Django.

Notes up-front
• These steps assume the Electrum daemon is running (electrum daemon -d) and listening on 127.0.0.1:7777.
• Back up any seed shown — if you lose the seed you lose the wallet.
• File paths and usernames below use /home/electrumd and user electrumd. Adjust if your layout differs.

1) Become the electrum user

Run these as root or a sudoer on the server so files get the right owner:

bash
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sudo -i -u electrumd
cd ~

2) Create a new wallet (interactive CLI)

This uses the Electrum CLI to create a wallet file. It will ask you to choose standard options (seed, password etc).

bash
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# interactive creation (will prompt for seed/password)
electrum create

What to expect:

• Electrum will either show you a seed (mnemonic) to write down, or prompt to restore from an existing seed.

• You will be prompted to set a password for the wallet (recommended).

• By default Electrum saves wallets under ~/.electrum/wallets/. Note the wallet filename it creates (for example default_wallet or something you chose).

If you want to set a specific wallet filename during creation (non-interactive prompt), you can:

bash
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# run interactive create and specify wallet path explicitly
electrum --wallet ~/.electrum/wallets/mywallet create

(If the above --wallet form is rejected by your CLI version, just run electrum create and move/rename the wallet afterwards.)

3) Confirm the wallet file exists and permissions

Still as electrumd:

bash
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ls -l ~/.electrum/wallets/
# example:
# -rw------- 1 electrumd electrumd  ...  default_wallet

Ensure the owner is electrumd and permissions are not world-readable.

4) Load the wallet into the running daemon

From the same electrumd account, instruct the daemon to load that wallet. Replace ~/.electrum/wallets/mywallet with the actual path/name:

bash
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electrum daemon load_wallet ~/.electrum/wallets/mywallet

If your daemon process is running as a systemd service and is responding to the CLI, that command will instruct the daemon to load the wallet into memory.

You can also do the same as root (the CLI talks to the daemon RPC), but running as electrumd avoids permission surprises.

5) Verify the wallet loaded

After the previous command, verify via Electrum CLI:

bash
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# list wallets the daemon knows about (if supported)
electrum daemon list_wallets

# or query a simple RPC to check balance
electrum daemon getbalance

If you prefer to test from your Django environment / other user, use curl (replace user:pass with your RPC credentials from /home/electrumd/.electrum/config):

bash
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curl -s -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getbalance"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777 | jq .

If the wallet is loaded and the RPC credentials are correct you’ll get JSON with balance info. If the daemon returns an error, check journalctl -u electrum.service -f for the daemon logs.

6) (Optional) Create wallet non-interactively from a seed

If you already have a seed and want to restore non-interactively:

bash
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# example: restore from a seed (interactive prompt will ask the seed string)
electrum restore
# or specify wallet file
electrum --wallet ~/.electrum/wallets/restored_wallet restore

Some distributions of Electrum also accept:

bash
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electrum create --seed "your twelve/24 word seed here" --wallet ~/.electrum/wallets/restored_wallet

But behaviour/flags vary by Electrum version — if that exact CLI flag fails, use the interactive restore and paste the seed when prompted.

7) If the daemon fails to load the wallet (500 / internal error)

If you see a 500 or daemon crashes when loading:

• Check journalctl -u electrum.service -f immediately to see the daemon traceback.

• Ensure the wallet file is readable by electrumd (owner and permissions).

• If Electrum complains about a locked wallet, provide the wallet password when prompted by CLI or use the CLI option to unlock.

8) After wallet is loaded — test the specific operation you need

Example: list funded addresses (JSON-RPC):

bash
Copy code
curl -s -u user:sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA== \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"listaddresses","params":{"funded":true}}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:7777 | jq .

If that returns addresses, your Django code should use the same RPC call and work.

9) Tips & safety

• Backup the seed immediately and store it offline.

• Use a wallet password and keep the wallet file owner electrumd.

• If you want the daemon to auto-load a particular wallet at service start, edit your systemd unit ExecStart or electrum startup options (e.g. electrum daemon -d --wallet ~/.electrum/wallets/mywallet) or add wallet entry to ~/.electrum/config. After editing systemd unit run:

  bash
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  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  sudo systemctl restart electrum
  

• Always test RPC queries from the Django environment once the wallet is loaded.

If you want, I can:

• give you the exact commands to run now on your server (I’ll assume wallet name mywallet), or

• craft a single script that creates a wallet non-interactively from a seed you provide (only run if you trust the environment).

Which would you like me to provide next?

Got it 👍 — you want to create and load an Electrum wallet from within Django, not manually from the shell.

Let’s go step by step so your Django app can:

1. Detect if a wallet exists.

2. Create one if it doesn’t.

3. Load it into the running Electrum daemon.

4. Handle JSON-RPC errors cleanly.

⚙️ Prerequisites

• Your Electrum daemon is running under user electrumd (and reachable via http://127.0.0.1:7777).

• You have valid RPC credentials in /home/electrumd/.electrum/config, e.g.:

  json
  Copy code
  {
    "rpcuser": "user",
    "rpcpassword": "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA=="
  }
  

• Your Django app knows these credentials (you can load them from env variables).

🧩 Django example (Python code)

Create a module, e.g. payments/electrum_client.py

python
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import requests
import os
import json

ELECTRUM_RPC_URL = "http://127.0.0.1:7777"
ELECTRUM_USER = os.getenv("ELECTRUM_USER", "user")
ELECTRUM_PASS = os.getenv("ELECTRUM_PASS", "sOM85WUAxJx2bMbIunA1WA==")

def electrum_rpc(method, params=None):
    data = {
        "id": 1,
        "method": method,
    }
    if params is not None:
        data["params"] = params

    r = requests.post(
        ELECTRUM_RPC_URL,
        auth=(ELECTRUM_USER, ELECTRUM_PASS),
        headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
        data=json.dumps(data)
    )
    if r.status_code != 200:
        raise Exception(f"RPC {method} failed: {r.status_code} - {r.text}")
    result = r.json()
    if "error" in result and result["error"] is not None:
        raise Exception(result["error"])
    return result["result"]

🪄 Create or load wallet programmatically

Now add a helper in (for example) payments/wallet_utils.py:

python
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from .electrum_client import electrum_rpc

def ensure_wallet(wallet_path="~/.electrum/wallets/mywallet"):
    """Ensure the wallet exists and is loaded in Electrum daemon."""
    wallet_path = os.path.expanduser(wallet_path)

    # 1. Check if wallet file exists
    import os
    if not os.path.exists(wallet_path):
        print("No wallet found, creating new wallet...")
        try:
            result = electrum_rpc("create_wallet", {"wallet_path": wallet_path})
            print("Created wallet:", result)
        except Exception as e:
            print("Wallet creation failed:", e)
            raise

    # 2. Load wallet into daemon
    try:
        result = electrum_rpc("load_wallet", {"wallet_path": wallet_path})
        print("Loaded wallet:", result)
        return result
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error loading wallet:", e)
        raise

This will:

• call Electrum’s RPC create_wallet if the file doesn’t exist

• then load_wallet into the daemon

🔑 Example: Run from Django shell

Start Django shell:

bash
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python manage.py shell

Run:

python
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from payments.wallet_utils import ensure_wallet
ensure_wallet("/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/mywallet")

You should see output like:

csharp
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No wallet found, creating new wallet...
Created wallet: {'seed': 'zebra simple ...', 'wallet_path': '/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/mywallet'}
Loaded wallet: {'wallet_path': '/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/mywallet'}

That means your Electrum daemon has now created and loaded the wallet.

✅ Verify balance

You can then call:

python
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from payments.electrum_client import electrum_rpc
balance = electrum_rpc("getbalance")
print(balance)

Expected output:

python
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{'confirmed': 0, 'unconfirmed': 0}

⚠️ Notes

1. The Electrum daemon must be running under the same user that owns the wallet file (electrumd).

2. Your Django app must connect via 127.0.0.1:7777 and know the same rpcuser/rpcpassword.

3. Always store credentials in environment variables, not hard-coded in code.

4. If your daemon rejects wallet creation due to permissions, run the Django process as electrumd (or give al4 permission to connect to the daemon’s socket).

If you show me the content of your /home/electrumd/.electrum/config, I can tailor this Django code to match your RPC auth setup exactly.

Would you like me to include wallet password encryption and seed backup in the Django workflow too?

Short answer up front: don’t rely on client-side JavaScript alone to “protect” a page — do server-side authentication (Django) and use JS only to send credentials to the server and handle the UI. Below I’ll give a minimal, secure pattern (vanilla JS + Django) you can drop into your app, plus a JWT alternative and security notes + references.

Key security points (most important):

• Never store user passwords or secrets in client-side code. Authentication must be validated on the server. Django Project+1

• Use HTTPS for the site so credentials are sent encrypted. MDN Web Docs

• Protect POSTs with CSRF (if you use session cookies). If you use JWTs, protect endpoints against CSRF by using token-in-header and secure cookies where appropriate. Django Project+1

Option A — Recommended: Django session-based login (JS calls server, server creates session cookie)

Frontend — login page (HTML + JS)

templates/login.html:

html
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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Login</title></head>
<body>
  <form id="loginForm">
    <label>Username <input name="username" type="text" required></label><br>
    <label>Password <input name="password" type="password" required></label><br>
    <button type="submit">Log in</button>
  </form>

  <script>
  // read CSRF token from cookie (Django sets csrftoken cookie)
  function getCookie(name) {
    const v = document.cookie.split('; ').find(row => row.startsWith(name + '='));
    return v ? decodeURIComponent(v.split('=')[1]) : null;
  }

  document.getElementById('loginForm').addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    const form = e.target;
    const data = {
      username: form.username.value,
      password: form.password.value,
    };
    const csrftoken = getCookie('csrftoken'); // Django default
    try {
      const resp = await fetch('/api/login/', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
          'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          'X-CSRFToken': csrftoken
        },
        credentials: 'same-origin', // allow session cookie
        body: JSON.stringify(data)
      });
      if (!resp.ok) {
        const txt = await resp.text();
        throw new Error(`${resp.status}: ${txt}`);
      }
      const j = await resp.json();
      // login success — server has set session cookie (HttpOnly). Redirect.
      window.location = j.next || '/';
    } catch (err) {
      alert('Login failed: ' + err.message);
    }
  });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

Notes: credentials: 'same-origin' lets the browser accept the session cookie the server sets. The CSRF token must be sent in X-CSRFToken. (Django docs show this pattern.) MDN Web Docs+1

Backend — Django view (session-based)

Add a small API endpoint that authenticates and logs the user in:

yourapp/views.py

python
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import json
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponseBadRequest
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, ensure_csrf_cookie
from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST

@require_POST
def api_login(request):
    try:
        payload = json.loads(request.body)
        username = payload.get('username')
        password = payload.get('password')
    except Exception:
        return HttpResponseBadRequest('invalid json')

    user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
    if user is None:
        return JsonResponse({'error': 'invalid credentials'}, status=401)

    login(request, user)  # creates session; sessionid cookie is set (HttpOnly)
    return JsonResponse({'success': True, 'next': '/'})

urls.py:

python
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from django.urls import path
from .views import api_login
urlpatterns = [ path('api/login/', api_login, name='api_login'), ]

Security notes:

• Keep CsrfViewMiddleware enabled (default). The form JS must send the CSRF token. Django Project

• The session cookie created by Django is HttpOnly and secure when SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True and served over HTTPS. Django Project

Option B — JWT token approach (useful for SPAs / APIs)

If you prefer JWTs (e.g. mobile or separate frontend), issue a token on successful login and have the frontend store it in memory or in a secure cookie (avoid localStorage; HttpOnly secure cookie is best). Example using djangorestframework-simplejwt:

1. Install and configure djangorestframework + djangorestframework-simplejwt.

2. Use the package’s token-obtain view to get access/refresh tokens.

3. On subsequent fetch requests, include Authorization: Bearer <access_token>.

Example fetch:

js
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const resp = await fetch('/api/protected/', {
  headers: { 'Authorization': 'Bearer ' + accessToken },
});

Remember: JWTs must be short-lived or rotated and always sent over HTTPS. OWASP/authn recommendations apply. django-rest-framework.org+1

Extra security best-practices (must-follow)

• Serve login page over HTTPS only.

• Rate-limit login attempts and lock accounts after several failed tries (protect against brute force). OWASP Cheat Sheet Series

• Use SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE=True and CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE=True in production.

• Use strong password hashing (Django does bcrypt/PBKDF2 by default). Django Project

Quick checklist to get this working on your site

1. Ensure django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware is in MIDDLEWARE. Django Project

2. Put the HTML login form above in a template.

3. Add api_login view and route.

4. Make sure templates render a CSRF token cookie — Django will create csrftoken cookie for you if you render a template that uses {% csrf_token %} or call get_token() on responses. Django Project

5. Test with browser; check network requests (should be POST, include X-CSRFToken, and server should return 200 + set session cookie).

6. Use HTTPS and proper cookie settings for production.

References

• Django authentication docs (login, authenticate, login). Django Project

• Django CSRF docs (how CSRF tokens and cookies work). Django Project

• OWASP Authentication Cheat Sheet — guidance on brute-force, password storage and general auth secure practices. OWASP Cheat Sheet Series

• MDN Fetch API — examples for fetch() POST of JSON. MDN Web Docs

• Django REST Framework / JWT recommendations (for API auth patterns). django-rest-framework.org

If you want, I can:

• produce a ready-to-drop Django app (views, urls, templates) that implements the session-based login above, or

• give an example using simplejwt with token endpoints and fetch examples.

Tell me which and I’ll generate the code you can paste into your project.

That’s a good question — and the short answer is: no, you cannot legally or technically share a Google Play book directly with another user, even a single one, unless the book specifically allows sharing under its license.

Let’s break it down accurately 👇

📘 1. What Google Play Books allows

According to Google Play Books Help:

• Books you buy are linked to your Google Account.

• You can read them on any device logged into that same account.

• You cannot transfer or share purchased books with another Google user unless Google or the publisher explicitly enables “family sharing.”

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 2. When sharing is allowed

You can share certain books using Google Play Family Library — but:

• The publisher must have enabled “Family Sharing” for that title.

• You and the other person must be in the same Google Family group.

• Only one copy is shared (you don’t both own separate copies).

Reference: Google Family Library Help

❌ 3. What is not allowed

You cannot:

• Send a copy of the .epub or .pdf file to another user.

• Give someone your Google login so they can read the book — that violates Google’s Terms of Service.

• Use scripts or downloaders to bypass DRM protection.

Google’s books are DRM-protected; sharing outside the intended system would break both the law and Google’s terms.

✅ 4. What you can do instead

If you just want one trusted user to read one of your books, you have these legitimate options:

1. Check if that book supports Family Library — if yes, add them to your Google Family group (up to 5 people).

2. If not, you can gift the book via the Play Store.

📎 References

• Google Play Books Help: Read, download & share books

• Google Family Library: Share digital content with family

• Google Terms of Service: https://policies.google.com/terms

Would you like me to show you how to check if a specific book supports Family Library (using the Play Store page)?

Good question — this is very common when managing multiple wallets on a running Electrum daemon.
Here’s exactly how to unload the current wallet and load or create a new one, safely and cleanly — whether from the command line or from your Django app.

🧠 Concept

Electrum’s daemon manages one active wallet at a time per process (unless you use advanced multiwallet mode).
So to switch wallets, you:

1. Either unload or load another wallet.

2. Optionally create the new wallet first.

⚙️ Option 1 — Using the Electrum CLI (manual method)

Check which wallet is loaded

bash
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electrum getwalletinfo

Unload the current wallet

bash
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electrum close_wallet

Load another existing wallet

bash
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electrum load_wallet -w /home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/otherwallet

Or create a new one

bash
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electrum create_wallet -w /home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/newwallet

After that, you can confirm:

bash
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electrum getwalletinfo

⚙️ Option 2 — Using JSON-RPC (from Django or Python)

If you’re talking to the daemon via RPC (which you are), here’s how to do it programmatically.

Unload or close the current wallet

python
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electrum_rpc("close_wallet")

Load an existing wallet

python
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electrum_rpc("load_wallet", {"wallet_path": "/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/otherwallet"})

Or create a new wallet

python
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electrum_rpc("create_wallet", {"wallet_path": "/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/newwallet"})

Verify which wallet is now active

python
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info = electrum_rpc("getwalletinfo")
print(info)

⚠️ Important notes

• Always use absolute paths for wallets, e.g.
  /home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/wallet1

• Make sure the wallet files belong to the same user that runs the daemon (electrumd in your case).

• If your daemon auto-loads a wallet (set in config), it may reload that same wallet on restart — you can change it by editing /home/electrumd/.electrum/config:

  json
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  "wallet_path": "/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/otherwallet"
  

  Then restart:

  bash
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  sudo systemctl restart electrum
  

✅ Quick example in Django

python
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from payments.electrum_client import electrum_rpc

# Close current wallet
electrum_rpc("close_wallet")

# Load another wallet
electrum_rpc("load_wallet", {
    "wallet_path": "/home/electrumd/.electrum/wallets/secondwallet"
})

Would you like me to show you how to switch wallets automatically in Django (e.g., per user or per project), keeping a clean Electrum daemon state each time?

Perfect — you can absolutely run a separate Electrum daemon for testnet side-by-side with your mainnet daemon.
You just need to:

1. use a different data directory (so wallets and configs don’t overlap),

2. enable the testnet flag,

3. expose it on a different RPC port,

4. run it under systemd (or manually) with those settings.

Here’s exactly how to do it step-by-step 👇

⚙️ 1. Create a new Electrum data directory

Run this under your electrumd user:

bash
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mkdir -p /home/electrumd/.electrum-testnet

⚙️ 2. Create the testnet config file

Edit (or create):

bash
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nano /home/electrumd/.electrum-testnet/config

Put this minimal JSON config in it:

json
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{
  "testnet": true,
  "rpcport": 17777,
  "rpchost": "127.0.0.1",
  "rpcuser": "user",
  "rpcpassword": "testnetpass123"
}

Notes:

• rpcport must be different from mainnet (7777 → 17777 here).

• You can choose any username and password; just make sure your Django or script matches them.

⚙️ 3. Start the testnet daemon manually (for testing)

Run:

bash
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/home/electrumd/.venv/bin/electrum daemon -d --testnet --dir=/home/electrumd/.electrum-testnet

Check it’s listening:

bash
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ss -tulnp | grep 17777

You should see something like:

nginx
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tcp LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:17777  0.0.0.0:*  users:(("python3",pid=...,fd=...))

⚙️ 4. Create the corresponding systemd service

Create:

bash
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sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/electrum-testnet.service

Paste this:

ini
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[Unit]
Description=Electrum Bitcoin Wallet Daemon (Testnet)
After=network.target

[Service]
User=electrumd
WorkingDirectory=/home/electrumd
ExecStart=/home/electrumd/.venv/bin/electrum daemon -d --testnet --dir=/home/electrumd/.electrum-testnet
Restart=always
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Then reload and enable it:

bash
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable electrum-testnet
sudo systemctl start electrum-testnet
sudo systemctl status electrum-testnet

⚙️ 5. Test JSON-RPC access

Try:

bash
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curl -s -u user:testnetpass123 \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     --data '{"id":1,"method":"getinfo"}' \
     http://127.0.0.1:17777

Expected output (something like):

json
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{
  "id": 1,
  "result": {
    "auto_connect": true,
    "blockchain_height": 2570020,
    "testnet": true,
    ...
  }
}